Explosive volcanic eruptions from linear vents on Earth, Venus, and Mars: Comparisons with circular vent eruptions

Numerical models of caldera-scale volcanic eruptions on Earth, venus, and Mars.

Volcanic eruptions of gassy magmas on Earth, Venus, and Mars produce plumes with markedly different fluid dynamics regimes. In large part the differences are caused by the differing atmospheric pressures and ratios of volcanic vent pressure to atmospheric pressure. For each of these planets, numerical simulations of an eruption of magma containing 4 weight percent gas were run on a workstation....

Phase equilibria trigger for explosive volcanic eruptions

[1] A mechanism for explosive volcanic eruptions based on multicomponent phase equilibria modelling of four explosive volcanic systems is proposed. In each system, either isochoric or isobaric crystallization, where either crystals or crystals and exsolved fluid are chemically fractionated from melt, leads inevitably to near-solidus dynamical instability culminating in violent explosive eruptio...

Volcanic Eruptions

Amenthes Cones, Mars: Hydrovolcanic (tuff) Rings and Cones from Phreatomagmatic Explosive Eruptions on Mars

Introduction: Mars was volcanically active throughout most, if not all, of its history [e.g., 1-4], and volcanism played a significant role in the formation of its surface. Another factor modifying the Martian surface is water, both in liquid and frozen state, and at and beneath the surface [e.g., 5]. Interactions of magma with water and/or ice should be common on Mars, therefore. On Earth, suc...

The frequency of explosive volcanic eruptions in Southeast Asia

There are ~750 active and potentially active volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Ash from eruptions of volcanic explosivity index 3 (VEI 3) and smaller pose mostly local hazards while eruptions of VEI ≥ 4 could disrupt trade, travel, and daily life in large parts of the region. We classify Southeast Asian volcanoes into five groups, using their morphology and, where known, their eruptive history and d...